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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a switching regulator for operating lighting means with a control circuit (4). The control circuit (4) is designed to operate the switching regulator (3) in a limit operating mode by controlling the switch (5) coupled to a coil when the load created by the lighting means (2) is so high that the resulting switch-off threshold is above a predetermined minimum value of the switch-off threshold, and to operate in a discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of the switch-off threshold when the load formed by the lamp (2) is so low that the switch-off threshold resulting in a limit operating mode is below the specified minimum value of the switch-off threshold would. The signal representing the current is fed to the control circuit (4) both in the case of the limit operating mode and in the case of the discontinuous operating mode without being subjected to an external averaging.
    公开号:AT16867U1
    申请号:TGM360/2015U
    申请日:2015-12-16
    公开日:2020-11-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    SWITCHING REGULATOR FOR OPERATING LIGHTS WITH PEAK CURRENT VALUE CONTROL AND MEDIUM CURRENT MEASUREMENT
    The present invention relates to a switching regulator for operating lighting means and a method for controlling such a switching regulator. The invention relates in particular to switching regulators which are used in operating devices for supplying one or more light-emitting diodes.
    [0002] An operating device for supplying one or more light-emitting diodes is known from WO 2013/152368 A1. Such operating devices are mainly used to provide a desired energy supply for the lighting means, such as, for example, a light-emitting diode (LED) or a plurality of light-emitting diodes connected in series and / or in parallel. Additional functions, such as dimming the lighting means, changing / adapting the light color or compensating for fluctuations in the input voltage, can be provided in the operating device.
    The light emission of a light-emitting diode depends on the current flow through the light-emitting diode. For brightness control or brightness regulation, light-emitting diodes are therefore typically operated in a mode in which the current flow through the light-emitting diode is controlled or regulated by the operating device.
    Switching regulators can be used to control light-emitting diodes, for example step-up converters or step-down converters, which are also referred to in technology as boost converters or buck converters. In such a switching regulator, a control device controls a high-speed switch which, when switched on, causes a current to flow through a coil (in the case of the Buck converter also through the light-emitting diode). After switching off, the coil (with the buck converter) continues to drive the current through the light-emitting diode.
    For the control or regulation, the control circuit of the switching regulator records a variety of measured variables in order to be able to counteract deviations from predetermined operating parameters, such as light color and brightness, or shifts in the light spectrum at different dimming levels.
    For the acquisition of the measured variables and the generation of corresponding signals that can be fed to the control circuit or processed by it, additional components / circuits are required, which makes the structure of the switching regulator complex and expensive overall.
    The switching regulators are depending on the application in the continuous operating mode, in which the switch is switched on again before the current through the coil has dropped to zero, in limit operation, in which the switch is turned on again as soon as the coil current has dropped to zero or the The zero line can be reached with a positive edge, or operated in discontinuous operating mode in which the switch is not switched on again immediately as soon as the coil current has dropped to zero or the zero line has been reached with a positive edge.
    In continuous operating mode (non-discontinuous operation) and in limit operation, a dimming of the light emitting diode or a change in the output power of the switching regulator can be done very easily by changing the threshold value of the coil current at which the switch is turned off. However, problems can occur with a low dimming level or low output currents to the light-emitting diode.
    [0009] For example, lowering the switch-off threshold in limit operation is often not possible at will, since problems with regard to the detection and processing of the low current value can arise with small threshold values. In addition, for low output currents, a large coil is required for the continuous mode of operation, which makes the converter expensive and increases its dimensions.
    Sheng Liu et al .: "An adaptive on-time controlled boost LED driver with high dimming ratio",
    IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, vol., No., Pp.210,214, 25-28 Oct. 2012 describes an operating device for light-emitting diodes in which a boost converter works with high load requirements or low dimming in continuous operating mode and with low load requirements or high dimming in discontinuous operating mode with a pulse frequency modulation. With this control gear or boost converter, precise control / regulation of the brightness is possible even with low load requirements. There is also no need for a large coil for low output currents.
    However, additional components / circuits are required for the control of switching between the operating modes and the implementation of the pulse frequency modulation in the operating device described, which makes the construction of the operating device complex and expensive overall.
    [0012] The invention is based on the object of specifying devices and methods which reduce the problems described. The object is, in particular, to provide a switching regulator, an operating device and a method for controlling a switching regulator for the operation of one or more illuminants, which allow precise control and regulation with a simple and inexpensive structure.
    [0013] This object is achieved according to the features of the independent claims. The invention is further developed by the features of the dependent claims.
    According to the present invention a switching regulator, in particular e.g. a step-down converter, to operate one or more lighting means, a control circuit which controls a switch of the switching regulator coupled to a coil, and means for direct or indirect detection of the current flowing through the coil and for supplying a signal representing this current to the control circuit. The switch is switched off when the signal indicates that the current has reached a switch-off threshold. The control circuit is designed to operate the switching regulator in a limit operating mode by activating the switch when the load formed by the lamp or lamps is so high that the resulting switch-off threshold is above a predetermined minimum value of the switch-off threshold, and in a discontinuous operating mode to operate the minimum value of the switch-off threshold if the load formed by the one or more lamps is so low that the switch-off threshold resulting from a limit operating mode would be below the specified minimum value of the switch-off threshold, the signal both in the case of the limit operating mode and in the case of of the discontinuous operating mode is fed to the control circuit without being subjected to an averaging externally. I.e. the control circuit is set up in such a way that it controls the switch on the basis of the signal that is supplied and reproduces the current, both in the limit operating mode and in the discontinuous mode.
    Thus, the switching regulator can be operated at a higher load in the limit operating mode, which allows simple and precise control of the current through the lamp or lamps by means of the changes in the switch-off threshold. If the maximum value of the current through the one or more lamps or the switch-off threshold falls due to different load requirements, such as dimming, to such a low value that a further reduction would lead to problems with regard to the detection, processing, etc. of this low current value switching to a discontinuous operating mode, in which only the dead time of the current then represents the manipulated variable.
    According to the present invention, a switching regulator for operating one or more illuminants has a control circuit which controls a switch of the switching regulator coupled to a coil, and means for direct or indirect detection of the current flowing through the coil and for supplying one of these Current reproducing signal to the control circuit, the switch being switched off when the signal indicates that the current has reached a switch-off threshold. The control circuit is designed to operate the switching regulator in a limit operating mode by activating the switch when the load formed by the one or more lamps is so high that the resulting shutdown
    threshold is above a predetermined minimum value, and to operate in a discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of the switch-off threshold alternating with the limit operating mode if the load formed by the one or more lamps is so low that the switch-off threshold resulting in a limit operating mode is below the specified minimum value the shutdown threshold would be. The signal representing the current can be fed to the control circuit both in the case of the limit operating mode and in the case of the discontinuous operating mode without being subjected to an external average value formation.
    In the discontinuous operating mode, if the time of switching on again depends not only on the load requirement / dimming level specification but also on the voltage curve (zero crossing or voltage minimum) across the switch, it can result in a delayed restart and thus a lower average current value than desired. By alternating the discontinuous operating mode and the limit operating mode, this can be compensated for in a transition area by the increased average current value in the subsequent limit operating mode.
    The control circuit can be designed to operate from the operation in which the switching regulator is operated in the discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of the switch-off threshold alternately with the limit operating mode, in an operation in which the switching regulator in the discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of Switch-off threshold and not operated alternately with the limit operating mode, to change when a first control signal has been received by the control circuit or when the time period Tperioa, in which the control circuit switches the switch on, off and on again, assumes a maximum value.
    The control circuit can be designed to operate from the operation in which the switching regulator in the discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of the switch-off threshold is not operated alternately with the limit operating mode, in the operation in which the switching regulator in the discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value the switch-off threshold is operated alternately with the limit operating mode, to change when a second control signal has been received by the control circuit or when the time segment Tperivca, in which the control circuit switches the switch on, off and on again, assumes a minimum value.
    [0020] The one or more lighting means can be light-emitting diodes.
    The control circuit can have a comparator for comparing the signal with a signal representing the minimum value.
    The control circuit can be set up to change the switch-off threshold in the limit operating mode in accordance with a received dimming signal.
    The control circuit can be set up in the discontinuous operating mode to determine an average current value for the period Tpervca in which the control circuit turns the switch on, off and on again according to the equation: lavg = 0.5 + Ipeak * Tactive / Tperiod ZU and to determine the point in time when the switch is switched on again on the basis of the determined average current value lavy, where Ipea «is the specified minimum value of the switch-off threshold and Tacıve is the sum of the switch-on duration Ton and the switch-off duration Tor of the switch. Thus, no additional circuit for determining the mean current value and no additional input (pin) on the control circuit for entering the externally determined mean current value is necessary.
    The control circuit can be set up to continuously determine in the discontinuous operating mode the current mean value lavg after the switch-off duration gate of the switch until the time the switch is switched on again and to continuously compare the determined current mean value lavg with a value corresponding to the dimming signal in order to achieve the To determine the time of switching on again.
    The control circuit can be set up to detect a signal reproducing the voltage curve across the switch and, in the discontinuous operating mode, the signal
    Time of restart to be determined on the basis of the average current value lavg.
    According to the present invention, a switching regulator for operating one or more lighting means has a control circuit which is designed to operate the switching regulator in a discontinuous operating mode by controlling a switch coupled to a coil, means for direct or indirect detection of the current flowing through the coil and for supplying a first signal reproducing this current to the control circuit, and means for direct or indirect detection of the current output by the switching regulator and flowing through the lamp or lamps or the voltage output to the lamp or lamps and for supply a second signal reproducing this current or the voltage to the control circuit, the control circuit being designed to switch off the switch when the first signal indicates that the current has reached a switch-off threshold, based on the switch-on time of the switch to regulate ge of the second signal, and to increase the gain factor of the control loop for the reactivation point in time during a period in which the switch is switched off which increases in successive switching cycles.
    The control circuit can be designed to change the restart time of the switch and / or the switch-off threshold as a function of a received dimming signal, the second signal being compared as a control variable with a received dimming signal and the gain factor for the control deviation in the control loop Increase in the length of time can be increased.
    According to the present invention, a switching regulator for operating one or more lighting means has a control circuit which is designed to operate the switching regulator in a discontinuous operating mode by means of control of a switch coupled to a coil, means for direct or indirect detection of the through the coil flowing current and for supplying this current reproducing first signal to the control circuit, and means for direct or indirect detection of the output by the switching regulator and flowing through the lamp or lamps or the voltage output to the lamp or lamps and for supplying a this current or the voltage reproducing second signal to the control circuit, wherein the control circuit is designed to turn off the switch when the first signal indicates that the current has reached a shutdown threshold, the shutdown threshold depending on a received To change the dimming signal, and to regulate the restart time of the switch on the basis of the second signal.
    The control circuit can be designed to set the switch-off threshold corresponding to a function or a table which assigns a switch-off threshold to each value of the received dimming signal.
    The control circuit can be designed to change the restart time of the switch as a function of a received dimming signal.
    The control circuit can be designed to change the switch-on time of the switch at a constant switch-off threshold in the event of a change in the dimming signal received, up to a certain value of the dimming signal received, and below the certain value the switch-off threshold at a constant switch-off period of the switch or at a constant Period of time in which the current through the coil drops to zero and the switch is switched on again.
    The switching regulator can be a step-down or step-up converter.
    According to the present invention, an operating device for light emitting diodes has one of the switching regulators described above.
    According to the present invention, a method for controlling a switching regulator for the operation of one or more lighting means, the steps of controlling one with a
    Coil-coupled switch of the switching regulator, detecting the current flowing through the coil and generating a signal representing this current, the switch being switched off when the signal indicates that the current has reached a switch-off threshold. By activating the switch, the switching regulator is operated in a limit operating mode when the load formed by the lamp or lamps is so high that the resulting switch-off threshold is above a predetermined minimum value of the switch-off threshold, and in a discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of the switch-off threshold operated alternately with the limit operating mode when the load formed by the one or more lighting means is so low that the switch-off threshold resulting in a limit operating mode would be below the predetermined minimum value of the switch-off threshold.
    According to the present invention, a method for controlling a switching regulator for the operation of one or more lighting means comprises the steps of controlling a switch of the switching regulator coupled to a coil in a discontinuous operating mode, detecting the current flowing through the coil and generating this current reproducing first signal, and detecting the output from the switching regulator and flowing through the lamp or lamps or the voltage output to the lamp or lamps and generating a second signal reproducing this current or voltage, the switch being switched off when the first Signal indicates that the current has reached a switch-off threshold, the switch-on time of the switch is controlled on the basis of the second signal, and the gain factor of the control loop for the switch-on time for a period of time increasing in successive switching cycles, in which d he switch is off, is increased.
    According to the present invention, a method for controlling a switching regulator for the operation of one or more lighting means comprises the steps of controlling a switch of the switching regulator coupled to a coil in a discontinuous operating mode, detecting the current flowing through the coil and generating this current reproducing first signal and detecting the current flowing through the lamp or lamps or the voltage output to the lamp or lamps and generating a second signal reproducing this current or voltage, the switch being switched off when the first signal indicates that the current has reached a switch-off threshold, the switch-off threshold is changed as a function of a received dimming signal, and the switch-on time of the switch is regulated on the basis of the second signal.
    [0037] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
    Fig. 1 shows a circuit of an operating device for light emitting diodes according to a first embodiment according to the present invention.
    2 diagrams with signal curves of the switching regulator operated in the limit operating mode according to an exemplary embodiment according to the present invention,
    3 diagrams with signal curves of the switching regulator operated in the discontinuous operating mode according to an embodiment according to the present invention,
    4 shows a circuit of an operating device for light emitting diodes according to a second embodiment according to the present invention,
    5 shows a schematic representation of a lamp with an operating device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention,
    6 shows diagrams with signal curves of the operating device shown in FIG. 5 and operated in the discontinuous operating mode,
    7 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the switching regulator of the lamp shown in FIG. 5, and
    8 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the switching regulator of the lamp shown in FIG.
    Components with the same functions are identified in the figures with the same reference symbols.
    Fig. 1 shows a circuit of an operating device 1 for lighting means 2 according to a first embodiment according to the present invention, which comprises a switching regulator 3 with a control circuit 4 and a down converter as a converter. The lighting means 2 can comprise a light emitting diode (LED) or several LEDs. The LEDs can be inorganic or organic LEDs. The multiple LEDs can be connected in series or in parallel. The plurality of LEDs can also be connected in more complex arrangements, for example in a plurality of series connections connected in parallel to one another. While three LEDs are shown by way of example, the lighting means can also have only one LED, two LEDs or more than three LEDs.
    The operating device 1, operating circuit, is used to operate the at least one LED 2. The operating device 1 is supplied with a supply voltage Vin, which can be a direct voltage or a rectified alternating voltage. The operating device 1 can comprise a power factor correction circuit which provides the supply voltage Vin (not shown).
    The controllable switch 5 and the coil 6 are connected in series between the input and the output of the switching regulator 3. When the at least one LED 2 is connected to the switching regulator 3, the controllable switch 5, the coil 6 and the at least one LED 2 are connected in series. A diode 7 is connected in parallel to the at least one LED 2 and the coil 6. A capacitor 8 can be connected in parallel to the output connections 9, 10, so that the capacitor 8 is connected in parallel to the at least one LED 2. The capacitor 8 is an optional element of the circuit shown. The capacitor 8 can be omitted in further exemplary embodiments.
    The controllable switch 5 can be a power switch. The controllable switch 5 can be a field effect transistor or a bipolar transistor. The controllable switch 5 can be a transistor with an insulated gate electrode.
    The control circuit 4 can operate the switch 5 of the down converter of the switching regulator 3 in a pulsed mode, so that an output current is provided in each case in the form of pulse packets. For example, at lower dimming levels, pulse packets can be generated in order to set the averaged current strength and thus the brightness perceived by the eye.
    The control circuit 4 can be a semiconductor integrated circuit or comprise a semiconductor integrated circuit. The control circuit 4 can be designed as a processor, a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller or an application-specific special circuit (ASIC, “Application Specific Integrated Circuit”) or a combination of the named units.
    When the controllable switch 5 is switched on, a current i_ flows through the LED (s) 2 and through the coil 6, which is thereby magnetized. The coil 6 is thereby charged with energy. The diode 7 blocks in this state. After the controllable switch 5 has been switched off, the coil 5 drives the current ir flowing through it. Further through the LED (s) 2 and the diode 7. The energy stored in the magnetic field of the coil 5 is discharged. In parallel, the capacitor 8 can be charged at the beginning of the switching on of the controllable switch 5. During the switch-off phase of the controllable switch 5, the so-called free-running phase, the capacitor 8 can discharge and contribute to the current flow through the LED (s) 2. With a suitable dimensioning of the capacitor 8, this can lead to a smoothing of the current through the LED (s) 2.
    The current coil current i_ can be detected during the switch-on phase by means of the voltage drop across a measuring resistor 11. The current coil current ir can in particular during the switch-off phase with a further inductance 12, which is magnetically with
    the coil 6 is coupled to the control circuit 4 and monitored. Alternatively, a current measuring transformer (not shown) for detecting the current coil current ii, which is arranged in series with the coil 6, can also be present.
    The control circuit 4 compares the actual coil current i. or the coil current i. reproducing voltage ISNS dropping across the resistor 11 with an upper switching threshold value Ipea «and causes the switch 5 to be switched off when the coil current i_ reaches the upper switching threshold value Ipea« (switch-off threshold). To switch the switch 3 on again, the control circuit 4 compares the current coil current i_. with a lower switching threshold value low and causes the switch 5 to be switched on when the coil current ir reaches the lower switching threshold value lww, in particular when the rising coil current ii, a rising edge of the coil current i_, reaches the lower switching threshold value ww (low / high transition).
    The upper and / or lower switching threshold value Ipeak, how can be generated internally by the control circuit 4 or can be provided by an external signal source 19.
    In one possible embodiment, the monitoring via the further inductance 12 can be used to determine when the coil current i. has fallen to zero during the discharge phase (switch-off phase) (and thus the coil 6 is demagnetized). In this case the lower switching threshold value low would be equal to zero. The control circuit 4 can output a signal sw for controlling the controllable switch 5.
    The control circuit 4 can receive a command ctrl which defines the dimming level at an interface. Alternatively or additionally, the operating circuit 10 can be set up to determine the dimming level as a function of at least one sensor signal. For example, for a brightness control, an actual brightness can be recorded with a sensor and a dimming level can be defined depending on a comparison of the actual brightness and the setpoint brightness. As an alternative or in addition, the control circuit 4 can be set up to determine a dimming level as a function of an actuation of an actuating element (not shown), for example a button, rotary knob or switch.
    The control circuit 4 is designed to operate the down converter in a limit operating mode by activating the switch 5 when the load formed by the LED (s) 2 is so high that the resulting shutdown threshold is above a predetermined minimum value of the shutdown threshold , and to operate in a discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of the switch-off threshold when the load formed by the LED (s) 2 is so low that the switch-off threshold resulting from a limit operating mode would be below the specified minimum value of the switch-off threshold.
    FIG. 2 shows signal curves of the switching regulator 3 operated in the limit operating mode. Diagram A1 shows the time course of an on and off cycle or its temporal detection by the control circuit 4. Diagram A-2 shows the on-offs generated by the control circuit 4. and switch-off pulses and the signal sw then emitted by the control circuit 4 to control the controllable switch 5. Diagram A3 shows the timing of the signal ISNS, which represents the current flowing through the LED (s) and which is generated by means of the resistor 11 and the control circuit 4 is fed.
    As can be seen in diagrams A2 and A3 of FIG. 2, the control circuit 4 generates the switch-on pulse when the rising signal ISNS reaches the lower switching threshold value low (low / high transition) (time t +). The signal sw for controlling the switch changes from the switch-off signal to the switch-on signal. If the rising edge of the ISNS signal reaches the upper switching threshold value Ipeak (time t2), the control circuit 4 generates the switch-off pulse, the signal sw for controlling the switch changes from the switch-on signal to the switch-off signal. The period of the signal ISNS (Tperiva) corresponds to the sum (Tacıve) of the switch-on duration Ton and the switch-off duration Tor of switch 5 (time span from t; to t »).
    The mean value of the current resulting during the zigzag time curve of the signal ISNS represents a value to be controlled or determined by the control circuit 4
    The mean current value can be calculated according to the equation: lavg) 0.5) IPeak (1)
    be determined. The control circuit 4 controls the desired mean value of the current through the LED (s) 2 in accordance with equation (1) by means of a change in the upper switch-off threshold Ipea «and as a function of a predetermined nominal mean value.
    The upper switch-off threshold Ipea «(switch-off threshold) cannot, however, be lowered as desired, since problems with regard to the detection and processing of the low current value can arise with low current values.
    According to the present invention, the control circuit 4 changes from the limit operating mode to the discontinuous operating mode if, if the shutdown threshold Ipeak were to be lowered, it would be below a predetermined minimum value.
    3 shows signal curves of the switching regulator 3 operated in the discontinuous operating mode. Diagram B1 shows the timing of the intermittent operation or its temporal detection by the control circuit 4. The diagram B-2 shows the inputs and outputs generated by the control circuit 4 Switch-off pulses and the signal sw then emitted by the control circuit 4 to control the controllable switch 5. Diagram B3 describes the timing of the signal ISNS, which reflects the current flowing through the LED (s) and which is generated by means of the resistor 11 and the control circuit 4 is fed.
    The switch-off threshold Ipea «in diagram B3 corresponds to the specified minimum value. The control circuit 4 controls a change in the mean current value lag via a corresponding change in the length of the time interval tz to t4.
    The current mean value to be controlled lag can in the discontinuous operating mode according to the equation:
    lavg © 0.5 + Ipeak * TActive / TPeriod (2)
    can be determined, where Ipeak is the specified minimum value of the switch-off threshold, Tactve is the sum of the switch-on duration Ton and the switch-off duration Tor of switch 5 (period from t; to ts), and Tperoa is the period of the signal ISNS (period from t; to t4) . The control circuit 4 controls the desired mean value of the current through the LED (s) 2 in accordance with equation (2) by means of a change in the length of the time period t; until t4.
    As shown in Fig. 3, the control circuit 4 switches the switch 5 at time t; on and at time t2, at which the signal ISNS reaches the upper switching threshold value Ipeax, the switch 5 off. At the time t}, a counter or a counter for determining Tactive UNd Tperioa can be started. The mean current value Iavyg at time t3 can be determined by the control circuit 4 using equation (1). If the rising edge of the ISNS signal reaches the lower switching threshold value low (time ts), Tacıve is determined by reading out the counter. From time t3, the current mean current value lavg can be continuously determined using equation (2), whereby the term 0.5 * Ipeak-Tacıive of equation (2) is known and Tperioa is determined by reading out the counter and is converted into equation (2) is used. If the predetermined average current value lavg is reached (time t4), the control circuit 4 switches the switch 5 on again. The cycle described begins again. Alternatively, from time 13, the restart time t4 (corresponds to Tperica) can be determined using equation (2).
    According to the present invention, in the exemplary embodiment shown, there is no external determination of the mean current value lag, neither in the limit operating mode nor in the discontinuous operating mode. Only one connection / input (pin) is required on the control circuit 4 for detecting the signal ISNS or for detecting the current flow through the LED (s) 2. The number of connections of the control circuit 4 for recording the measured variables can be reduced. The mean current value lavg is determined by the control circuit 4 both in the limit operating mode and in the discontinuous operating mode by means of the signal ISNS. No additional components / circuits are required for this, which simplifies the construction of the down converter 3 and makes it more cost-effective.
    As shown in FIG. 3, after switching off at time t3, oscillations of the current can occur which are caused by a resonance circuit formed from the coil 6, the capacitor 8 and other capacitances (not shown). The oscillations of the current through the coil 5 can be detected by means of the signal ISNS or by means of a detection coil 12 inductively coupled to the coil 6 and detected by the control circuit 4.
    In order to avoid switching losses of switch 5, such oscillations should be taken into account when selecting the restart time or the restart time should be selected so that at the restart time the voltage oscillation across switch 5 shows a voltage minimum. However, this means that the switch 5 cannot be switched on again from time ts at any point in time, but only at discrete time intervals, namely whenever the voltage oscillation across switch 5 shows a voltage minimum.
    If the switch 5 is not switched on again at the point in time determined by the control circuit 4 according to equation (2) due to voltage fluctuations via the switch 5, but later, the predetermined average current value lavg is not reached exactly and falls e.g. lower off.
    According to the present invention, there is an alternation of the discontinuous operating mode and the limit operating mode when the load formed by the LED (s) is so low that the upper shutdown threshold Ipeak resulting in a limit operating mode is below the specified minimum value of the shutdown threshold Ipeak would.
    This alternation can lead to a more precise current mean value lay over two periods Tperoa, especially in a transition area, since the current mean value that was too low resulting from the discontinuous operating mode can be compensated for with the current mean value lay that is too high in the subsequent limit operating mode. This aspect of alternating the discontinuous operating mode and the limit operating mode represents an advantageous aspect of the present invention in itself. However, the signal ISNS is fed to the control circuit both in the case of the limit operating mode and in the case of the discontinuous operating mode without being subjected to an external averaging .
    The end of an alternating operation or the transition from alternating operation to a continuous discontinuous operating mode can be triggered by a received control signal or be dependent on the length of the time segment ts to tı or the length of the period Tperioa of the discontinuous operating mode, one end of a Alternating operation or the transition from alternating operation to a continuous discontinuous operating mode takes place when the length assumes a maximum value. The change in mixed operation takes place after a few switching cycles.
    In the same way, a transition from a continuous discontinuous operating mode to alternating operation can be triggered by means of a received control signal or from the length of the time segment tz; to t4 or the length of the period Tperica of the discontinuous operating mode, with a start of alternating operation or the transition from a continuous discontinuous operating mode to alternating operation taking place when the length assumes a minimum value. The minimum value and the maximum value can be the same.
    Fig. 4 shows a circuit of an operating device 1 for lighting means 2 according to a second embodiment according to the present invention, which comprises a switching regulator 3 with a control circuit 4 and an up-converter as a converter. The coil 6, the switch 5 and the measuring resistor 11 are arranged in series between the inputs of the switching regulator 3, so that a current flows through the coil 6, the switch 5 and the measuring resistor 11 when the switch 5 is switched on by the control circuit 4 . The current coil current i_. can be detected by the control circuit 4 during the switch-on phase of the switch 5 by means of the voltage drop across a measuring resistor 11. The control circuit 4 compares, as described above, the current coil current or the coil current i_. reproducing on which
    Resistor 11 falling voltage (signal ISNS) with the upper switching threshold value Ipeak And causes switch 5 to be switched off when the rising coil current i. the upper switching threshold value Ipeax (switch-off threshold) is reached.
    After switching off the switch 12, the coil now drives a current through the diode 7 and the parallel connection of the capacitor 8 and the light-emitting diode 14. For switching on the switch 3 again, the control circuit 4 compares the current coil current i_, which is also determined by means of the Measuring resistor 11 is detected with the lower switching threshold value low and causes the switch 5 to be switched on when the coil current i. reaches the lower switching threshold value low, in particular when the rising edge of the coil current i_ reaches the lower switching threshold value I (low / high transition).
    The point in time at which the current flow through the coil 6 has dropped to zero during the switch-off phase can alternatively or additionally be determined by the control circuit 4 by means of the signal / voltage generated by the inductance 12 coupled to the coil 6 .
    The control of the operating device 1 shown in FIG. 4 in the limit operating mode, in the discontinuous operating mode and in the alternating operating mode can take place analogously to the control of the operating device 1 shown in FIG In the case of the operating device 1 shown in FIG. 4, the load or a current flow through the diode 7 is only fed during the switch-off phase (switch-off duration gate).
    5 shows a schematic representation of a lamp 13 with a lighting means 2 and an operating device 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
    The operating device 1 of the lamp 13 shown in FIG. 5 is used to operate the lighting means 2 on an alternating voltage which can be fed to the operating device 1 via the input connections 14 and 15. In the operating device 1, the AC voltage is converted in an input circuit 16 into a DC voltage or a rectified AC voltage. The input circuit 16 may comprise a power factor correction circuit for improving the power factor. If the lamp 13 is to be operated on a direct voltage or a direct voltage network, rectification is not necessary and the input circuit 6 can only contain means for stabilizing the input voltage or can be omitted.
    The operating device 1 also has a switching regulator 3 consisting of a converter 17 and the control circuit 4. The converter 17 generates an operating voltage for the illuminant 2 from the voltage output by the input circuit 16 by means of an energy store and a periodically operating electronic switch controlled by the control circuit 4. The energy store can be a coil, the current flow of which is coupled to the coil after switching on Switch rises and falls after switching off.
    The control circuit 4 can be fed the dimming signal for setting the brightness of the lighting means 2 via a signal input connection 20. A signal Sis, which indicates the current flowing through the lighting means 2 or the voltage delivered to the lighting means 2, and the signal ISNS, which indicates the current flow through the switch and / or the energy store, are received by the control circuit 4 from the converter 7 Signal Sis or the current delivered to lighting means 2 by operating device 1 could also be determined by the control circuit by means of signal ISNS, in particular when using a down converter.
    According to one aspect of the present invention, the control circuit 4 is designed to turn off the switch coupled to the energy store in a discontinuous operating mode when the signal ISNS indicates that the current through the switch or the current through the energy store is dependent has reached the switch-off threshold set by the control circuit 8 from the dimming signal received, and to regulate the switch-on time of the switch on the basis of the signal Sis. The control circuit 4 can do this
    be designed to use the converter 7 exclusively, i. to operate at each dimming level indicated by the dimming signal received, in the discontinuous operating mode described above or only for a certain dimming or output load range.
    6 shows two diagrams with the time profile of the current i_ flowing through the energy store with different dead times Taeaa and constant switch-off threshold Ipeak of the operating device operating in the discontinuous operating mode. In the diagrams, the current through the energy store increases after the switch is switched on. When the switch-off threshold Ipeax is reached, the switch is switched off, the energy storage device discharges and the current drops to zero. After the dead time Taead set by the control circuit 4 has elapsed, the switch is switched on again. The time periods Ton, Torf, Tactve and Taead SINd are the switch-on duration of the switch, switch-off duration of the switch, the duration of the current flow through the energy store and the duration of the switching cycle. The value lag is the average current through the energy store in the curves shown and a measure of the power output by the converter of the operating device 1 to the lighting means 2. As can be seen from the diagrams in FIG. 6, the mean current value lavg decreases with a constant switch-off threshold Ipea «and an increased dead time Tdead-
    The switch-off threshold Ipeax can be set by the control circuit 8 by means of a table or a function which assigns a specific threshold value to each value of the received dimming signal. The table or function can be selected by the operator and / or manufacturer, for example according to the load to be operated and / or the dimming requirement, from a large number of stored tables / functions. If the control circuit 4 is able to determine the load requirements (e.g. type of light source) itself, the table or function can be selected automatically by the control circuit 4 itself on the basis of such a determination.
    With the switch-off threshold Ipeax set, the control circuit 4 stabilizes / regulates the output power of the converter 17 determined by means of the signal Sis during operation by adapting the dead time Taeaa, i.e. the time span between the point in time from which the energy store ceases to discharge and the point in time at which the switch is switched on again or the energy store is charged again.
    If, due to, for example, temperature or voltage fluctuations, the output power determined by means of the signal Sis drops with a constant dimming signal / dimming value, the control circuit 4 shortens the dead time Taeaa in order to compensate for the decrease in power or to counteract it.
    In contrast, when the output power increases with a constant dimming signal / dimming value, the control circuit 4 increases the dead time Taeaa. To reduce or increase the dead time Taeaa, the switch is switched on again at an earlier or later point in time, as a result of which the duration / period Tperoa of a switching cycle is shortened or increased. The change / adaptation of the dead time Taeaa by the control circuit 4 is similar to a pulse frequency modulation PFM, for the implementation of which additional components / circuits are usually necessary.
    In the discontinuous operation mode, the relationship between the change in the dead time Taeaa and the change in the output is preferably non-linear. A shift in the restart time in the case of small dead times Taeaa causes a greater change in the output power than a shift by an identical At in the case of large dead times Taeaa. If the dead time Taeaa is changed in steps of the same size when regulating the output power, the response behavior of the control worsens with larger dead times Taeaa (small output powers), since one adjustment step with large dead times Taeaa has a very small effect on the change in the output power and many adaptation steps / Switching cycles become necessary.
    In order to improve the response behavior in a simple manner, the control circuit 4 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention can additionally be designed to increase or increase the gain factor of the control loop in the case of long dead times Taeaa.
    in the case of a dead time Taeaa which increases in successive switching cycles, to increase the gain factor for the regulation of the output power which takes place via a change in the restart time. The gain factor is reduced when the dead time Taeaa decreases in successive switching cycles. A change in the gain factor as a function of the dead time Taeaa can take place over the entire dead time range that can be used in the regulation or only for one or more specific ranges. The gain factor has an influence on the dead time Taeaa to be set for the next switching cycle and can be selected such that the relationship between the change in the dead time Taeaa and the change in the output power becomes linear. Additionally or alternatively, the control circuit 4 can change / adapt the switch-off threshold Ipsa "at least for certain dead times Taeaa to be set and / or for certain (strong) load fluctuations during the regulation. The aim of using the gain factor is to prevent the transient behavior from slowing down in the event of long dead times Taeaa ZU.
    The current dead time Taeaa can be determined from the switching cycle set by the control circuit 8 or the switch-off time Taeaa of the switch and assigned to a specific gain factor by means of a table or a function. Since the dead time Taead has an influence on output power, the gain factor can also be determined via the signal Sis, a gain factor being assigned to each signal value with the set switch-off threshold value Ipeax using one or more tables or functions.
    In the exemplary embodiment described above, the control circuit 4 sets the switch-off threshold Ipeak as a function of the dimming signal using a function or table. With some applications or converters, however, it can be advantageous to change the dead time Taeaa or just the dead time Taeaa in addition to the switch-off threshold Ipea «depending on the dimming signal.
    In one embodiment of the operating device according to the present invention, the dead time Taeaa is changed as a function of the dimming signal with a largely constant switch-off threshold Ipeak up to a certain dimming value or up to a certain output power and below this dimming value or this output power is carried out by the control circuit 4 the change in the switch-off threshold Ipeax as a function of the dimming signal with a constant dead time Taeaa Or, as described above, with a change in the dead time Taeaa only to stabilize the output power with or without an adjustment of the gain factor of the control loop.
    FIG. 7 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the switching regulator 3 shown in FIG. 5, in which the converter 17 is a down converter. A supply voltage, which can be a direct voltage or a rectified alternating voltage, can be fed to the converter 17 at the connection 21. The switch 5, the coil 6, the light-emitting diode 2 and the measuring resistor 11 are connected in series between the connection 21 and the ground of the converter 17. In the switching regulator 3 shown in FIG. 7, the light-emitting diode 14 to be operated by the switching regulator 3 is connected directly to the converter 17. Alternatively, the switching regulator 3 can have output connections to which one or more light-emitting diodes can be connected.
    A capacitor 8 is parallel to the light emitting diode 2 and the diode 7 connected to the switch 5 and the ground is arranged parallel to the coil 6, the capacitor 8 and the measuring resistor 11.
    The control circuit 4 of the switching regulator 3 shown in FIG. 7 has a switching cycle control device 22, an output power control device 23, a gain factor output device 24, a low-pass filter 25 and a comparator 26 for comparing a signal indicating the current output power (actual value) the dimming signal present at the signal input connection 10, which indicates the target value of the output power.
    If the switch 5 is switched on by the switching cycle control device 22, a current flows from the connection 21, through the switch 5, the light-emitting diode 2 and the measuring resistor 11. The voltage drop across the measuring resistor 11 becomes the switching cycle control
    device 22 as the signal ISNS indicating the current flow through the switch 5 and the energy store (coil 6).
    The switching cycle control device 22 compares the current values indicated by the signal ISNS with the switch-off threshold value Ipeak set by the output power control device 23. If the current flow reaches the threshold value Ipeak, the switching cycle control device 22 switches off the switch 5. After the switch 5 has been switched off, the coil 6 continues to drive the current through the light-emitting diode 2 by means of the diode 7.
    If the signal ISNS indicates that the current flow has dropped to zero, the switching cycle control device 22 starts a time measurement and compares the elapsed time with the dead time Taead- set by the output power control device 23. If the predetermined dead time Taead has elapsed, the switching cycle control device 22 switches the switch 5 on again and the cycle with the monitoring of the current rise and the time measurement after the switch-off begins again.
    In one embodiment, the output control device 23 sets the switch-off threshold Ipeak as a function of the dimming signal applied to the signal input connection 10 using, for example, a function or table and regulates / stabilizes the output with the change in the dead time Taeaa as described above. For this purpose, the signal ISNS is filtered through the low-pass filter 25 and fed to the comparator 26 for comparison with the dimming signal.
    The gain output device 24 is based on the filtered by the low-pass filter 25, the current output power indicating signal Sis a gain k to the output power control device 23, which based on the dimming signal, the control deviation determined by the comparator 26 and the Gain factor k determines the dead time Taqeaa and the threshold value Ipea «and sends them to the switching cycle control device 22. An output could only take place when there is a need to change the dead time Tqeaa currently used by the switching cycle control device 22 or the currently used threshold value Ipeak for controlling the switching cycle. The control of the switch 5 or coil current by the switching cycle control device 22 constitutes an inner loop and the regulation of the output power of the converter 17 by the output power control device 23 constitutes an outer loop.
    Fig. 8 shows a second embodiment of the switching regulator 3 shown in Fig. 5, in which the converter 17 is an up-converter. In the switching regulator 3 shown in FIG. 8, the coil 6, the measuring resistor 11 and the switch 5 are connected in series between the connection 21 and the ground of the converter 17. The measuring resistor 11 provided for generating the signal ISNS can be arranged between the switch 5 and the ground of the converter 17 or between the connection 21 and the coil 6.
    Another measuring resistor 27 for generating the signal Sis reproducing the current through the light-emitting diode 2 is connected to the ground of the converter 17 and the light-emitting diode 2. By positioning the measuring resistor 27 between the capacitor 8 and the light-emitting diode 2, the low-pass filter 25 can be dispensed with in this example.
    This measure can also be applied to the switching regulator 3 shown in FIG.
    The regulation of the output power by the output power control device 23 on the basis of the dimming signal, the control deviation determined by the comparator 26 and the gain factor k and the control of the switch 5 by the switching cycle control device 22 on the basis of the signal ISNS and of the output power control device 23 (dead time Taeaa and threshold value Ipeax) is set in the manner described above.
    The described regulation / stabilization of the output power with or without correction by the gain factor k can also be used in the embodiments described above, in which there is a change between limit operating mode and discontinuous operating mode as a function of the shutdown threshold.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. Switching regulator for operating one or more lamps, having
    a control circuit (4) which is designed to include a switch coupled to a coil
    (5) of the switching regulator (3) to be controlled,
    Means (11) for direct or indirect detection of the current flowing through the coil (6)
    and for supplying a first signal reproducing this current to the control circuit
    device (4), wherein the switch (5) is turned off; when the first signal indicates that the
    Current has reached a switch-off threshold (Ipea «), whereby
    the control circuit (4) is designed to activate the switch (5) to control the
    regulator (3)
    - To operate in a limit operating mode when the load formed by the lamp (s) (2) is so high that the resulting switch-off threshold (Ipeak) is above a predetermined minimum value of the switch-off threshold (Ipeak), and
    - Operate in a discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of the switch-off threshold (Ipeak) when the load generated by the lamp (s) (2) is so low that the switch-off threshold (Ipeak) resulting from a limit operating mode is below the specified minimum value of the switch-off threshold (Ipea ") would lie
    wherein the control circuit (4) is set up so that it is both in the limit operating mode
    as well as in the discontinuous operating mode on the basis of the supplied, the current
    the resulting first signal controls the switch (5).
    [2]
    2. Switching regulator for operating one or more lamps, having
    a control circuit (4) which is designed to include a switch coupled to a coil
    (5) of the switching regulator (3).
    Means (11) for direct or indirect detection of the current flowing through the coil (6)
    and for supplying a first signal reproducing this current to the control circuit
    device (4), where
    the control circuit (4) is set up so that the switch (5) is switched off when
    the first signal indicates that the current has reached a switch-off threshold (Ipeaxk), and
    the control circuit (4) is designed to activate the switch (5) to control the
    regulator (3)
    - To operate in a limit operating mode when the load formed by the lamp or lamps (2) is so high that the resulting switch-off threshold (Ipeak) is above a predetermined minimum value, and
    - To operate in a discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of the switch-off threshold (Ipeak) alternating with the limit operating mode if the load formed by the lamp (s) (2) is so low that the switch-off threshold (Ipeak) resulting from a limit operating mode is below the specified The minimum value of the shutdown threshold (Ipeak) would lie.
    [3]
    3. Switching regulator according to claim 2, wherein the control circuit (4) is set up so that it controls the switch (5) both in the limit operating mode and in the discontinuous operating mode on the basis of the supplied, the current reproducing first signal.
    [4]
    4. Switching regulator according to claim 2 or 3, wherein
    the control circuit (4) is designed to switch from the operation in which the switching regulator (3) is operated in the discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of the switch-off threshold (Ipeak) alternating with the limit operating mode, in an operation in which the switching regulator (3) in the discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of the switch-off threshold (Ipeak) is not operated alternately with the limit operating mode, changes when a first control signal has been received by the control circuit (4) or when the period Tperioa, in which the control circuit (4) the switch (5) turns on, off and on again, assumes a maximum value.
    [5]
    5. Switching regulator according to claim 4, wherein
    the control circuit (4) is designed to switch from the operation in which the switching regulator (3) is operated in the discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of the switch-off threshold (Ipeak) not alternating with the limit operating mode, into the operation in which the switching regulator (3 ) is operated in the discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of the switch-off threshold (Ipear) alternating with the Grehzbetriebsmodus, changes when a second control signal has been received from the control circuit (4) or when the period Tperioa, in which the control circuit (4) the switch ( 5) switches on, off and on again, assumes a minimum value.
    [6]
    6. Switching regulator according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the control circuit (4) has a comparator for comparing the first signal with a signal representing the minimum value.
    [7]
    7. Switching regulator according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the control circuit (4) can be supplied with a dimming signal and the control circuit (4) is set up to change the switch-off threshold (Ipeax) according to the dimming signal in the limit operating mode.
    [8]
    8. Operating device for light emitting diodes, comprising a switching regulator (3) according to one of claims 1 to 7.
    [9]
    9. Method of controlling a switching regulator for the operation of one or more
    Lamps, with the steps:
    Controlling a switch (5) of the switching regulator (3) coupled to a coil (6), and
    Detecting the current flowing through the coil (6) and generating this current again
    of the emitting signal (ISNS), the switch (5) being switched off when the signal
    (ISNS) indicates that the current has reached a switch-off threshold (Ipeak), whereby
    by activating the switch (5) of the switching regulator (3)
    - It is operated in a limit operating mode when the load formed by the one or more lamps (2) is so high that the resulting switch-off threshold (Ipeak) is above a predetermined minimum value of the switch-off threshold (Ipeak), and
    - In a discontinuous operating mode with the minimum value of the switch-off threshold (IPeak), alternating with the limit operating mode, if the load formed by the one or more lamps (2) is so low that the switch-off threshold (Ipeak) resulting from a limit operating mode is below the predetermined minimum value of the shutdown threshold (Ipeak) would lie.
    In addition 8 sheets of drawings
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3262896B1|2020-05-20|
    CN107251652A|2017-10-13|
    US10285231B2|2019-05-07|
    US20180063910A1|2018-03-01|
    CN107251652B|2020-06-02|
    WO2016134945A1|2016-09-01|
    EP3262896A1|2018-01-03|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102015203249.3A|DE102015203249A1|2015-02-24|2015-02-24|Down converter for operating bulbs with peak current value control and average current value detection|
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